THE INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ALPHABET (revised to 1993, updated 1996)
Copyright International Phonetic Association, from the Department of Linguistics, University of Victoria, Canada

Type into the text box below by clicking on the characters in the chart. When entering diacritics, enter the base character first, followed by the diacritics associated with it (in any order). Click the Space button to add a space to the string. Click Reset to clear the text box. When you are done, click the Send Back button.

PULMONIC CONSONANTS
 
 Plosive
p
b
   
 
t
d
  
?
?
c
?
k
g
q
?
 
?
  
 Nasal
m
 
?
 
n
  
?
?
?
?
    
 Trill
?
   
 
 
r
  
   
   
  
 
?
   
  
 Tap or Flap
   
 
 
?
  
 
?
   
  
   
   
  
 Fricative
?
?
f
v
?
ð
s
z
?
?
?
?
ç
?
x
?
?
?
?
?
h
?
 Lateral   fricative    

 
?
?
  
   
   
   
   
    
 Approximant
?
 
?
  
 
?
 
j
 
?
   
   
  
 Lateral  approximant    
 
l
  
 
?
 
?
 
?
   
    
When symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.
CONSONANTS (NON-PULMONIC)
Clicks
Voiced implosives
Ejectives
Bilabial
Dental
(Post)alveolar
Palatoalveolar
Aveolar lateral
Bilabial
Dental/alveolar
Palatal
Velar
Uvular
Examples:
 Bilabial
 Dental/alveolar
 Velar
 Alveolar fricative
Vowels Front         Central         Back
Close
?
      
?
      
?
                         
Close-mid     ?    
?
      
?
                             
Open-mid        
?
  
?
    
?
                             
Open            
?
        
?

OTHER SYMBOLS
 Voiceless labial-velar fricative  Alveolo-palatal fricatives  
 Voiced labial-velar approximant  Voiced alveolar lateral flap  
 Voiced labial-palatal approximant Simultaneous ? and x  
 Voiceless epiglottal fricative

 Affricates and double articulations
 can be represented by two symbols
 joined by a tie bar if necessary.

kp?
 Voiced epiglottal fricative
 Epiglottal plosive

DIACRITICS Diacritics may be placed above a symbol with a descender, e.g. ??
 ?
 Voiceless
n?d?
 ?
 Breathy voiced
b?a?
 ?
 Dental
 t ?d?
 ?
 Voiced
s? t ?
  ?
 Creaky voiced
b?a?
 ?
 Apical
 t ?d?
^(h)
 Aspirated
t^(h)d^(h)
 ?
 Linguolabial
 t ?d?
 ?
 Laminal
 t ?d?
 ?
 More Rounded
??
^(w)
 Labialized
t^(w)d^(w)
 ?
 Nasalized
e?
 ?
 Less Rounded
??
^(j)
 Palatalized
t^(j)d^(j)
^(n)
 Nasal release
d^(n)
 ?
 Advanced
u?
?
 Velarized
t?d?
^(l)
 Lateral release
d^(l)
 ?
 Retracted
e?
?
 Pharyngealized
t?d?
 ?
 No audible release
d ?
 ?
 Centralized
e?
 ?
 Velarized or pharyngealized
 ?
 Mid-centralized
e?
 ?
 Raised e?    (? ?= voiced alveolar fricative)
 ?
 Syllabic
n?
 ?
 Lowered e?    (?? = voiced bilabial approximant)
 ?
 Non-syllabic
e?
 ?
 Advanced Tongue Root
e?
?
 Rhoticity
 ?
 Retracted Tongue Root
e?
SUPRASEGMENTALS
Primary stress
Secondary stress
stress eg. ?fo?n??t???n
? Long e?
? Half-long e?
  ? Extra-short e?
Minor (foot) group
Major (intonation) group
Syllabic break
break eg.  ?i.ækt
Linking (absence of a break)


TONES AND WORD ACCENTS
Level
Contour
e? or ? Extra high NOT YET
e? or ? High SUPPORTED
e? or ? Mid BY
e? or ? Low UNICODE
e? or ? Extra low
? Downstep ? Global rise
? Upstep ? Global fall


Some useful precomposed characters that do not fit into the official IPA.
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
? ? ? ? ? ? š ? ?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
? ? ? ? ž ? ?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Miscellaneous modifiers.
?? ?^(j) ?^(l) ?^(r) ?? ?? ?? ?^(s) ?^(y)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
?^(x) ?? ?? ??